Hillary Clinton Bio - Political Career Highlights

Hillary Clinton is a Democrat and the partys nominee for president of the United States in the 2016 election. Clinton is also one of the most polarizing figures in modern American politics. She is a former first lady who launched her own political career after leaving the White House. Her primary opponent for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2016 was U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont, a self-described Democratic socialist who drew large crowds after building a solid following among young voters.   If elected, Clinton  would be the first woman president in history.   Many progressive Democrats, however, were lukewarm toward her candidacy because they believed her to be too tied to Wall Street. And Republican Party leaders cheered her candidacy because they believed their nominee would easily beat a scandal-plagued candidate in a general election in which trust would become a major issue.   Related Story: Could Bill Clinton Serve As Hillarys Vice President? Here are some key facts about Hillary Clinton. Hillary Clintons Campaigns for President Clinton has run for the Democratic presidential nomination twice, once in 2008 and again in 2016. She lost the primary race in 2008 to Democratic U.S. Sen. Barack Obama, who went on to win the presidency that year by defeating the Republican nominee, U.S. Sen. John McCain. Clinton won 1,897 delegates in the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries, short of the 2,118 needed to win the nomination. Obama won 2,230 delegates. Related Story: Why the 2016 Democratic National Convention is Being Held in Philadelphia She was widely seen as the presumptive nominee even before the 2016 campaign began, and she lived up to those expectations in many of the early primaries, including her substantial victories on Super Tuesday of that year. Key Issues When she announcer her candidacy in April of 2015, Clinton made it clear that the biggest issue of her campaign would be the economy and helping the vanishing middle class. In a short video posted on the Internet by her campaign that month, Clinton said: Americans have fought their way back from tough economic times, but the deck is still stacked in favor of those at the top. Everyday Americans need a champion, and I want to be that champion so you can do more than just get by. You can get ahead, and stay ahead. Because when families are strong, America is strong. Related Story: Hillary Clinton on the Issues At Clintons first campaign rally, held in June of 2015, she continued to focus heavily on the economy and the struggles of the middle class hit hard by the Great Recession of the late 2000s. We’re still working our way back from a crisis that happened because time-tested values were replaced by false promises. Instead of an economy built by every American, for every American, we were told that if we let those at the top pay lower taxes and bend the rules, their success would trickle down to everyone else.What happened? Well, instead of a balanced budget with surpluses that could have eventually paid off our national debt, the Republicans twice cut taxes for the wealthiest, borrowed money from other countries to pay for two wars, and family incomes dropped. You know where we ended up. Professional Career Clinton is an attorney by trade.  She served as counsel to the  House Judiciary Committee 1974. She worked as a staffer investigating the impeachment of President Richard M. Nixon amid the Watergate scandal.   Political Career Clintons political career began before she was elected to any public office.   She served as: First Lady of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and 1983 to 1993: She served in this capacity when her husband served as the 40th and 42nd governor of the state.First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001: She served in this capacity after her husband was elected president and served two terms.U.S. Senator from New York from  Jan. 3, 2001, to Jan. 21, 2009U.S. Secretary of State under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013 Major Controversies Clinton became a polarizing figure in American politics before even being elected. As first lady, she helped draft and propose sweeping changes to the nations health care system, earning the ire of congressional Republicans who believed she was unqualified to oversee the changes and a public that was skeptical of her involvement. The health-reform debacle was critical in framing Hillarys public image, and despite her years of accomplishment in her own right, she still carries the burdens of that failure, wrote The American Prospect. But the most serious scandals surrounding Clinton was her use  of a personal email address and server instead of a more secure government account as secretary of State, and her handling of the attacks in Benghazi.   Related Story: Could Bill Clinton Serve In Hillarys Cabinet? The email controversy, which first surfaced in 2015 after she had left the position, and lingering questions over her preparedness as secretary of State during the Benghazi attacks both plagued her 2016 presidential campaign. Critics alleged Clintons behavior in both cases raised questions about whether she could be trusted if elected to the most powerful position in the free world. In the email scandal, her political foes suggested her use of a private email served opened up classified information to hackers and foreign enemies. There was no evidence it had, however. In the Benghazi attacks, Clinton was accused of doing too little, too late to prevent the deaths of Americans at a U.S. diplomatic compound there, then covering up the administrations bungling of the attacks. Education Clinton attended  public schools in Park Ridge, Illinois. In 1969 she earned a bachelor of arts degree from Wellesley College, where she wrote her  senior thesis on Saul Alinskys activism and writings. She earned a law degree from Yale Law School in 1973. Personal Life Clinton is married to former President Bill Clinton, who served two terms in the White House. He is one of  only two presidents who have been impeached in U.S. history. Clinton was accused of  misleading a grand jury about his extramarital affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky and then persuading others to lie about it. Their permanent address is  Chappaqua, a wealthy suburb of New York.   The couple has one child, Chelsea Victoria. She appeared with Hillary Clinton on the campaign trail in 2016. Hillary Clinton was born Oct. 26, 1947, in Chicago, Illinois. She has two brothers,  Hugh Jr. and Anthony. She has written two books about her life:  Living History  in 2003, and  Hard Choices  in 2014. Net Worth The Clintons are worth  between $11 million and $53 million, according to financial disclosures.   The last time  Clinton filed financial disclosures as a member of the U.S. Senate, in 2007, she reported a net worth of between $10.4 and $51.2 million, making her the  12th wealthiest member of the U.S. Senate at the time, according to the Washington, D.C.-based watchdog group Center for Responsive Politics. She and her husband have earned at least $100 million since leaving the White House in 2001, according to published reports. Much of that money comes from speaking fees.  Hillary Clinton is said to have been paid $200,000 for each speech shes given since leaving the Obama administration. ___ Sources for this bio include: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Living History, [New York: Simon Schuster, 2003],  Center for Responsive Politics.

Homelessness Satire - 821 Words

HOMELESSNESS It is a melancholy hearing about the issue of homelessness worldwide. There are countless homeless people on the streets of these large cities. So we ask ourselves; why are people still without homes when new jobs are being created everyday or when unemployment still has not reached zero? This seems to be an ever haunting problem even though it would be so easy to erase it. I think we have reached our limits of dealing with thousands of homeless people blocking doorsteps and sidewalks disturbing us with their begging hands. While most claim to use the money we provide them to buy food or shelter, most will use it feed their addictions. Do you want your money being spent on cigarettes and alcohol? Why should we have to give†¦show more content†¦Think of all the advancements in technology we could arrive at through using these people for research. We’ll be one step closer to a cure for cancer. We’ll be one step closer to beauty products helping us look 10 years younger. Using the homeless experimentally will not only benefit themselves but us as well. First, this will get everyone off the streets and allow them to become a part of something that is profitable and rewarding. There will no longer be an issue of homeless people. Second, think of all the improvements in medicine and surgery we could accomplish. Or the advancements in technology we could reach. Think of the loved ones we could save through finding cures. Third, think of all the millions and billions of dollars we could save and use towards something productive instead of throwing it away to charities or food banks. We need to stop thinking of others and think of ourselves. We need to put ourselves first and do what is best for us. Now, don’t talk to me about affordable housing or inclusive mental health services. Don’t talk to me about tax-funded services such as shelters, food banks or health centers. Don’t talk to me about volunteering to help build schools or homes. Don’t talk to me about volunteering at local soup kitchens. Don’t talk to me about building more transitional houses or distributing food stamps. Don’t talk to me about giving them an actual chance in theShow MoreRelated Naked Lunch and A Modest Proposal Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesNaked Lunch and A Modest Proposal In 1729, Jonathon Swift published an essay titled A Modest Proposal, which dealt with the issue of homelessness among the poor families of his country. His satirical proposal to control the population of homeless children stirred a debate on the morality of his proposal. Two hundred and thirty years later in 1959, William S. Burroughs published a novel entitled Naked Lunch, which dealt with the desperate struggle of drug addiction and the governments role inRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, we are exposed to the timeless issue of homelessness and the state’s role in their social welfare. Swift was a fervent Irish patriot who was disgusted by the flourishing trend of beggars and hungry children that flooded the streets of his beloved country. This topic is relatable as this is a social issue that plagues many countries in the present age. Swift presents a satirical argument in which he proposes Ireland adopt the horrific practices of eating theirRead MorePoverty Satire700 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿Poverty Satire With the advancement of poverty in the United States it is time to solve the homeless situation. Thousands of Americans are homeless and taking up space on the city’s streets. A simple solution to this problem would be to allow the homeless to reside in landfills. They would be able to sort through the waste to find appropriate cardboard boxes to live in. This could also be used as a form of employment allowing them to sort through recycling to improve the environment. It is alsoRead MoreCan We Decrease Homlessness862 Words   |  4 PagesHicks 1 August 16, 2012 Can we decrease homelessness? The essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift is a brutal satire in which he suggests that the poor families should kill their young children and eat them in order to eliminate the growing number of starving citizens. At this time there was extreme poverty and a wide gap between the poor and the rich, the tenements and the landlords. Throughout the essay Swift uses satire and irony as a way to attack the indifference between classesRead MoreSummary Of Funny, But Almost By Default, Little Failure951 Words   |  4 PagesIrrepressibly funny, but almost by default, Little Failure is a record of existential homelessness, of living in a midpoint between two different countries and identities. Gary Shteyngart tells his story where he persists in regarding himself as a failure. In a more autobiographical way, he prosecutes his permanent disagreement with himself, with his family, with Russia (that would probably have killed him if he had stayed there), and with America (tha t even more unforgivably saved his life). Read MoreComparison between Charlie Chaplins The Kid and Rowan Atkinsons Mr. Bean - The Ultimate Disaster Movie1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent eras in which these films were made, the scenario of each plot also differed. In the case of The Kid, it was a film made in the era of the Great Depression and the aftermath of World War 1, and with the twin themes of emotional loss and homelessness being haunting motifs in its plot, it is a poignant social commentary - of the displaced refugee children of World War 1, and for the persons grieving for loved ones whose lives were sacrificed in that war. 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The story has been interpreted by many literary critics and scholars with the general conclusion that â€Å"The Lottery† is a satire on the willingness of people to engage collectively in abhorrent behavior, racial prejudice, and sexism all of which are social evils† (Barr 248-49). Jackson recalls when she first got the idea to write â€Å"The Lottery.† â€Å"The idea had come to me whileRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell And Animal Farm Essay2095 Words   |  9 Pagesand artistic purpose into one whole.† Virtually every detail of the book has allegorical significance (e.g., the revolt of the animals against Farmer Jones is Orwell’s analogy with the October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution). It is the book’s political sat ire that especially provides its contemptuous nature. Orwell’s book provides an excellent example of political protest in unity with art, so much so that it earned a spot on the USSR’s forbidden books list until the end of Communism. His writing wasRead MoreThe Moon and Sixpence Summary7680 Words   |  31 Pagesaim, and to pursue it he was willing to sacrifice not only himself – many can do that – but others. He had a vision. Strickland was an odious man, but I still think he was a great one.† In these beautiful words he describes Stricklands strange homelessness and suggests a reason for his subsequent escape to Tahiti. â€Å"I have an idea that some men are born out of their due place. Accident has cast them amid strange surroundings, but they have always a nostalgia for a home they know not. They are strangers

Cultural Differences Paper Free Essays

Many people throughout the world indentify themselves by their cultural background. It is common knowledge that there are many different cultures throughout the world. Each culture has its similarities and differences. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Differences Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every individual has multiple identities Race, ethnic, gender, national, regional, organizational, personal, cyber/fantasy—that act in concert. The importance of any single identity is a result of the situation. As the context varies, you may choose to emphasize one or more of your identities. A conceptual inquiry into race or gender would seek an articulation of our concepts of race or gender (Riley 1988). For outside a rather narrow segment of the academic world, the term ‘gender’ has come to function as the police way to talk about the sexes. And one thing people feel pretty confident about is their knowledge of the difference between males and females. The situation is similar, if not worse, with respect to race. The self-evidence of racial distinctions in everyday American life is at striking odds with the uncertainty about the category of race. Is it useful to begin by reflecting on the questions: â€Å"What is gender? †, â€Å"What is race? † and related questions such as: â€Å"What is it to be a man or a woman? â€Å"What is it to be White? African American, or Latino? In this paper, we analyze the multicultural concepts of racial identity and gender identity and point out their significance in understanding cultural differences. Gender Identity Gender is a set of characteristics distinguishing between male and female, particularly in the cases of men and women. Depending on the context, the discriminating characteristics vary from sex to social role to gender identity. Gender being male or female is a basic element that helps make up and individual’s personality and sense o self. Gender identity disorder is a condition in which a male or female feels a strong identification with the opposite sex (Bussey K, Braunda 1999). A person with this disorder often experiences great discomfort regarding his or her actual anatomic gender. People with gender identity disorder may act and present themselves as members of the opposite sex and may express a desire to alter their bodies. The disorder affects an individual’s self-image, and can impact the person’s mannerisms, behavior, and dress. Individuals who are committed to altering their physical appearance through cosmetics, hormones and, in some cases, surgery are known as transsexuals A person with a gender identity is a person who strongly identifies with the other sex. The individual may identify with the opposite sex to the point of believing that he/she is, in fact, a member of the other sex who is trapped in the wrong body. This causes that person to experience serious discomfort with his/her own biological sex orientation. The gender identity disorder causes problems for this person in school, work or social settings. This disorder is different from transvestism or transvestic fetishism where cross-dressing occurs for sexual pleasure, but the transvestite does not identify with the other sex (Ruble DN 1994) Racial Identity Racial identity is which racial society a person mostly identifies with. However, in today’s world many people have two or more racial identities that make it more difficult for them to grasp and understand the cultural traditions and beliefs. On of the most prominent influences in America is President Barack Obama. As the Unites States first black president has taken office, a new report about race suggests it is a changeable marker of social status rather that a fixed characteristic of one’s birth. Jayson, 2008) Although this presidency will change history forever, President Obama will not be remember for the works that he does in office but for his ethical identity which has been in question since he has taken office. Multicultural, race and society have tremendous ethical influences on our lives, values and experiences. These can also provide a guideline for how we interact with one another on a daily bases. A person can account for suspicion and hat red among people of the same race when it comes to loyalty, affiliation and rigid adherence to stereotypical behavior as well as being the source of comradery and lasting unions. Through racial socialization, individuals are imbued with messages that determine the appropriateness and inappropriateness of their roles as racial being. (Carter, 1995) Racial identity can be one of the most important factors of a human life because it can determine how they live, love, and survive. Conclusion Begin your paper here. Double space the entire document. Be sure to indent the first line of each paragraph between five and seven spaces by pressing the Tab key one time on the keyboard. Happy writing! How to cite Cultural Differences Paper, Papers

An Incident You Will Never Forget Essay Example For Students

An Incident You Will Never Forget Essay Certain incidents so impress us that they leave an indelible mark on our memory. I was once involved in an incident of which I shall always have vivid recollections. The incident occurred when I visited a village in India together with my parents, sometime during my holidays last year. Early in the morning on the day the incident occurred, I was talking with a few of my new friends in that village. All of a sudden, a boy of my age came rushing towards us to break the news that violence had broken out in the neighborhood. Alarmed at this news, we began to protect ourselves, and before long the violence spread like wild fire throughout our area. I was a little confused at first for I had no idea about the cause of the outbreak of violence there. One of my friends told me that the area had been notorious for such occurrence owing to rivalry between two parties. Each party tried to destroy the influence of the other in that area, and the bad blood that existed between them had caused several deaths and great misery to innocent people for a long time. Official influence could not be exercised effectively in this area owing to its remoteness from the centers of authority. The members of the rival parties therefore enjoyed almost complete freedom of action. The police arrived only when there was news of violence, and often long after the damage has been done. While I was listening to this account of facts and events, the situation suddenly took an ugly turn. A man who had been standing a short distance away from us ran into his house most unexpectedly, and within minutes his house was ablaze. My friends and I then ran towards his house to put out the fire; but we were stopped by a few burly men who were holding lethal weapons in their hands. They threatened to kill if we offered any help to anyone. One of them had even struck me on my head with a stick. We realized instantly that we were no match for them and that discretion was the better part of valor. We therefore decided to proceed no further. Soon the fire from that house began to spread and several houses were burning. There were frantic cries for help. Men, women, and children were running in all directions in their desperate attempts to save whatever they could from the fire, in spite of the interference of the gangsters. A few of the unfortunate ones were burned to death, including the man who had set fire to his own house. We then concluded that the man must have been so disgusted with what we had seen for so long that he had no more desire to live, and this was his way of putting an end to himself. It was indeed a pathetic sight. Then, after several hours, the police arrived when more than a quarter of the village had already been burned to ashes. They asked us several questions to find out if we had ourselves participated in the violence. As I was foreigner who would be leaving that village the following day, I had the courage to answer all their questions and to point out the men who had threatened to kill us. Those men were then arrested together with other suspects. Early next morning, my parents and I left the village with no more desire to re-visit this place; but my memory of this incident will remain fresh forever.

Simple Stimulus Learning Habituation and Perceptuality

The Concept of Habituation Habituation is a simple learning method characterized by a decrement in intensity of the neural or innocuous response to the repeated application of stimuli. Therefore, habituation allows an animal to ignore such stimuli as irrelevant and chooses not to respond to its application when repeatedly subjected to similar stimuli (Meredith, Stein, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Simple Stimulus Learning: Habituation and Perceptuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Meredith and Stein (1996) note one such example to be a bird that becomes habituated and does not run away from people whom it could run before frequent stimulations are applied. Research conducted on the habituation of animals indicates that animals learn to positively or negatively associate specific stimuli by conditionally responding to the application of specific forms of stimuli. Habituation is ubiquitously embedded i n every organism’s sensory system and enables them afford different behavioral patterns in response to the hierarchal forms of habituation. An example is a dog that has been habituated to respond to a bell despite the absence or presence of a meal. Researchers view both aversive and defensive responses as often similar in magnitude with slight variations. The varied intensity and response to stimuli and the resulting habituation is directly related to the intensity of the applied stimuli, a generally accepted principle by many researchers. However, the general consensus varies widely. According to Miller, Morse, Dorman (1977), different approaches in investigating habituation with repeated applications of stimuli indicate varied responses. However, results from such studies verify the habituation concept. One such is habituating people with different tones. If different groups are treated to different tones, the need to orient them to the stimuli arises. This is the case wit h infants. When infants are habituated through the novel stimuli they respond inquiringly to the new stimuli than the old stimuli, clearly indicating novelty and habituation. Similarly, rats uniquely endeavor to investigate new objects added to a test environment clearly illustrating the novelty recognition identified above. Factors that Affect Perceptual Learning The concept of perceptual learning is influenced by the degree or extent to which individuals are conversant with an applied stimulus. A familiar stimulus leads us to perceive and build on what we have perceived. Therefore, learning is faster with prior experience than with a new stimulus. However, it is important to note the significance of attaching weight in distinguishing between stimuli.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other influencing factors include the degree of positive and negative instances in determining the con trasting stimulus that may not be based on a simple established benchmark. The transition from a simple to difficulty stimuli determines the extent of discrimination necessary to create a distinct degree of orientation. That enhances later abilities to discriminate in a more difficulty environment. Task demands for an animal significantly influence the perceptual learning process depending on specific needs associated with the learning task. In addition to this task is attention and feedback. Miller et al. (1977) argue that the efficacy of a task is influenced by a rise above the learning level to a given extent before a drop is experienced. This provides a framework for the kind of response specific to stimuli and feedback.The attention and feedback paradigm critically relies on task demands and performance behavior for specific stimuli. The behavior of animals particularly when exposed to new environments such as the supply of new food elicits discrimination. Though research indic ates that this exposure revolves around habituation and mere exposure, detailed studies have shown that even animals need to adapt. This conflict leads to less overall assumptions about stimuli and resumption of the old habituation. Effects of Stimulus Exposure These effects include prevalence for familiar stimuli, priming facilitation, potentiated startle, and recapitulation. Miller et al’s. (1977) argument that the emotional variable of stimuli can rise in prevalence to specific stimuli when an animal is exposed to the stimuli is significant. This approach is commonly referred to as mere exposure and is characterized by lack of rewards or an event that evokes stimuli. This is evident with many animals such as rats. Rats indicate neophobia by characteristically declining to consume new food that may seem strange to them. However, as they become familiar with the new food, these animals become more and more attached and consume more and more of the food. In effect, familiarit y breeds a stronger link. This behavioral paradigm can be reinforced through sensory plasticity without necessarily evoking stimuli (Miller et al., 1977).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Simple Stimulus Learning: Habituation and Perceptuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, Miller et al. (1977) note that priming facilitation can enhance discrimination and identification at a faster rate than when introduced for the first time. This is based on prior activation of the sensory nerves in perception. That implies time is low and reactions are faster for stimuli that had been introduced compared to a newly introduced stimuli. Another effect is potentiated startle. The magnitude of the startle caused by an incident like the burst of loud music can create a reaction which when habituated decreases. However, background stimuli when combined with the habituated startle may cause the reaction to rise i nstead of declining. This is the case for identifying the amount of fear inherent in animals. Potentiated startles when incorporated with fear have the effect of causing higher reactions (Mondor Breau, 1999). The potential nature of recapitulations significantly increases the degree of response to stimuli. However, habituated recapitulated stimuli can be liked or disliked by the target animal, depending on the degree of orientation to the applied stimuli and the rules used to manipulate the stimuli. Application of Stimuli to real life situations In the real life environment, stimuli play a significant role in the treatment of various maladies including anxiety, phobias among others. Emotional flooding is identifiably a unique approach in exposing a target situation to controlled stimuli of fear. This implies a decline in the fear results from repeated application of the stimuli. An example is if one fears riding on a horse, a ride on a horse may be recommended. This provides prolon ged exposure to the subject that fears riding, with the consequences of alleviating the fears. Different therapists propose different approaches of treating conditions associated with stimuli. Mondor and Breau (1999) view David Barlow to be a staunch proponent of the latter. Barlow asserts that maximum exposure to stimuli had the counter effect of alleviating the problem with certain patients. Such prescriptions have been shown to effectively reduce the anxiety associated with a specific patient on a specific event.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other applications in the real life situations are virtual reality therapeutic exposures. This approach includes flight events that individuals that fear flying are treated to flight related stimuli by use of a helmet that is designed with the characteristics of virtual reality. Almost 70% success rates have been recorded. Conclusion Habituations are ubiquitously embedded in every organism’s sensory system and enables them afford different behavioral patterns in response to the hierarchal forms of habituation. It varies in intensity with the applied stimuli. Different Reponses however, have been identified to significantly influence the varied forms of response. These responses are vital for the treatment of phobia, fear, and other forms of psychiatric problems. However, further research need to be conducted to scientifically reinforce the contentious issues related to these forms of treatments. References Meredith, M. A., Stein, B. E. (1996). Spatial determinants of multise nsory integration in cat superior colliculus neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 75, 1843-1857. Miller, C. L., Morse, P. A., Dorman, M. F. (1977). Cardiac indices of infant speech perception: Orienting and burst discrimination. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29, 533-545. Mondor, T. A., Breau, L. M. (1999). Facilitative and inhibitory effects of location and frequency cues: Evidence of a modulation in perceptual sensitivity. Perception Psychophysics, 61, 438-444. This essay on Simple Stimulus Learning: Habituation and Perceptuality was written and submitted by user Hezekiah Valenzuela to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom “Hostage Nation” essay

buy custom â€Å"Hostage Nation† essay Hostage Nation is a story of interaction between Columbian politics and economy. It focuses also on Columbias relationship with the United States and the release of the three contractors held captive in Columbia in February, 13, 2003 for over five years after their plane (Cessna plane) crashed. The U.S.A had tried to send more troops in rescue mission but they failed largely because of the effects of the local sympathizers of the FARC group. The story is narrated by two Columbian journalists who were better positioned to narrate the story. They had also recorded the kidnapping of the presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt. Her husbands efforts to aid to rescue her were however frustrated by his fear that her step could culminate in her death. In 2006 the author restructured the hostage story into a new narrative, the wealthiest and the lethal insurgent army in the world. Botero became the focal point when he became the first journalist to interview them and even to report that the hostages were alive after five months. They narrate the story as it unfolds. They provide accounts of events as they happen step by step and they even include the fight on drugs. (Plan Colombia)The U.S. policy had started during the reign of Clinton, extended during the reign of Bush but diminished drastically during the reign of Barrack Obama. The story, Hostage Nation, revolves around the three Americans who were held hostage(Thomas Howes, Keith Stansell and Marc Gonsalves),who worked with California Microwave systems, which worked under Northrop Grumman, a company that was hired to carry out plan Colombia. The plane that had carried the there had been downed by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (the government of Colombia).After shooting it with several bullets the engine failed. The government of the U.S. avoided negotiations and remained adamant in rescuing the hostages because they feared they could have been murdered. The plan Colombia was attempting to wipe out the Guerrilla fighters and the drug trade. The drug trade was rampant in 1970s where marijuana and cocaine were being traded. Under the President Reagan, the U.S.A had started to fight against the menace. During the same period, kidnapping, carried out by the Columbian revolutionary Armed Forces had started to take shape. Initially they had kidnapped an oil exploration worker and an agricultural worker and held them demanded for money. They requested 38 dollars for 7 men. The increased sale of cocaine in Colombia drastically falls during the period of the 2rd World War. The FARC group was increasing at a very high rate to the extent of threatening the government. The group became hostile with time during the period of the late 1990s.In 1999, they killed 136 people. They also killed Diego Turbay, who was the Head of Congressional peace Commission in 2000.Alvaro Ulimbe,whose father had been killed by the FARC, came into power on 26th, May,2002 with a mission of combating the group. The period saw the FBI investigation group under the leadership of Noesner investigating the matter of kidnapping involving the American citizens. The three hostages and the kidnapped presidential aspirant however are rescued in 2008.Although in May, 2003, President Uribe had attempted a military rescue the FARC group had already heard the sound of the helicopters. They annihilated all the prisoners and fled away from the area. The U.S military however did not hesitate to go on with the routine search for the three American hostages. After the U.S. airplane crashed, they were redundant to carry out investigation. Later investigation was done through the use of DOD and they realized that the plane crashed because they were operating it beyound its handbook limitation. Towards the end of March, 2003, there were no traces of the Americans. Joyjoy, who was known as the military leader of the FARC, was responsible for the series of successful actions that the group had performed. However, the group denied. Three hostages at the residing area of FARC had already been separated into different cells and no communication was allowed . The surveillance mission of the U.S.A troops was halted for one month after the plane crash of 13th, February, 2003. The CMS Company of the U.S.A that was initially undertaking the surveillance soon changed its name to CIAO on 24th, February, 2003 and started its mission on 25th, March, 2003.On the same day another U.S.A plane crashed. After investigations were done at the crash site, bullets were found on the bodies showing that the FARC group could have been responsible for the crash. The switch from CMS to CIAO was a great obstacle towards the compensation that had to be paid to the relatives of the victims. Northrop Grumman who was the former manager of the CMS Company denied the responsibility of the second crash since the contract with his workers had ended when the company changed its name. The involvement of the U.S.A in a drug fight was meant to protect the countrys government from accountability could. The story becomes complicated because the rescue is intertwined with the Byzantine account of the prevailing Colombian politics. The rescue of the three hostages is made possible through the help of the former FBI hostage negotiator, Gary Noesner and a journalist, Botero. During his university education, Botero Jorqe Enrique had been arrested because of political dissidence. He had already gained a public image after he revealed that Cali Cartel had funded the presidential aspirant at that time, Ernesto Samper. Botero had been granted permission to interview FARC revolutionary and also to talk to his former friend Cano. He was also given a rare access to the military videotapes and the military prisoners who were kept there in a pathhetic situation. Botaro had a chance of interviewing the prisoners while he was there. Although the government had tried to put obstacles to him limiting him not to put the images to the public, he had already shown the pathetic images to the public portraying the suffering the prisoners were undergoing. The work of Botaro met a lot of opposition especially by the group that thought he was supporting the FARC group. His life was even threatened at one time. Botero was granted the access to the 3 American hostages .The Americans thought that he was manipulating them. The results of the interview and the research he had conducted were handed over to the U.S.A government and that proved that the hostages indeed were still alive. The FARC group used the hostages as a pawn to further their interests and declared that any attempt to rescue them would directly culminate in their execution. High ranked officials of the group among whom was Trinidad were captured in Ecuador, later taken to Colombia and then to the U.S.A being charged with drug trafficking. The release of Trinidad among FARC members were demanded in exchange for the release of the three American citizens who were held hostage. The United States government acknowledged the condition and accepted to release them in return for the three lost Americans. Some of Europes citizens were held hostage in the groups camp. Ingrid Betancourts had requested for permission to be visited by her husband and sister but the group refuted the request since she had earlier tried to escape from the prison together with another lady, Clara Rojus. Bentakurtz husband had tried many times to use democracy to free his wife but the attempt had failed. While at the captivity, Clara Rogers managed to give birth to a baby boy. The baby was taken by the guerillas that had no conducive environment to take care of it. Uribe had approval a nd had done a lot in fighting against the guerillas. He also requested the U.S.A government to assist him in his effort. U.S.A increased its support to Colombia by giving donations. The government of U.SA donated 3.3 Billion dollars to help in the fight against cocaine. Later the U.S.A government claimed that the money had been misused. The trial of the guerilla leader was one full of fear and anxiety as the U.S did not know what was in store for them. They feared losing the three citizens who were held hostage in the FARC camp. As the trial of the group leader continued, Pierdad Cordoba and Botero teamed up together to try and negotiate the release of the hostages. They travelled through in U.S and Colombia during this mission. Later after a myriad of attempts by Cordoba and Botero, their mission bore fruits as the captives were finally released. The end of the story presents the win of The U.S contractors. The hostages are rescued and Botero asserts that as far as the military industrial make lives complex, drug wars must be pursued. Buy custom â€Å"Hostage Nation† essay

Critically evaluate Rene Descartes's claim that the mind is not a part Essay

Critically evaluate Rene Descartes's claim that the mind is not a part of the physical world. Could modern science help settl - Essay Example This essay critically evaluates Descartes’s claim that the mind is not a part of the physical world. It also includes a brief analysis of the response of modern science to this classical assumption. A Cartesian Perspective of the Mind Descartes believes that the tendency to associate sensible features with bodies is a mistake developed during childhood. During these early years individuals acquire the belief that the physical world is strongly connected to their sensations, or that it has the types of attributes it seems to possess in sense perception, both sensible and automatic. But indeed, he argues, bodies possess only automatic attributes, such as motion, size, and shape, and people’s perception of sensible attributes are brought about by formation of these attributes (Wilson, 2003). Challenging the simple perception of the physical world is a major objective of the Meditations. The movement against faith in the senses, and specifically against the belief that bodi es are the same as sensations, is an important instrument in realising this objective, because Descartes believes the simple understanding of the physical world is mostly rooted in the notion that bodies are the same as people’s sensations (Morton, 2010). Descartes started his pursuit of truth by using his newly developed method of inquiry. His method used intense scepticism—all ideas that are doubtful were disregarded, including ancient wisdom taught by scholasticism. More critically, Descartes also doubted ideas coming from the senses because â€Å"from time to time I have found that the senses deceive, and it is prudent never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once† (Wilson, 2003, p. 37). Evidently this argument encouraged questioning much of the established knowledge, and eliminating them as potential groundwork of thought. All ideas of the physical world might be untrue, since knowledge of them arises from the untrustworthy senses. Moreover , the presence of the physical body was questioned based on the same justification (Engel & Soldan, 2007, p. 334): â€Å"I shall consider myself as not having hands or eyes, or flesh, or blood or senses, but as falsely believing that I have all these things†. Descartes afterward thought that in order to doubt, he should exist as a ‘thinking’ being: â€Å"I must finally conclude that this proposition, I am, I exist, is necessarily true whenever it is put forward by me or conceived in my mind† (Christofidou, 2013, p. 41). And then he defines a ‘thinking’ being as â€Å"a thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, is willing, is unwilling, and also imagines and has sensory perceptions† (Morton, 2010, p. 81). This series of arguments led him to his concluding point: the mind is not part of the physical w